Politics
is a process by which collective decisions are made
within groups. Although the term is generally applied
to behavior within governments, politics is also observed
in all human group interactions, including corporate,
academic, and religious institutions. Sociologists
generally use this meaning. Politics is also defined
as "the art and science of government."
A politician is an individual involved in politics
to the extent of holding or running for public office.
In Western democracies, the term is generally restricted
to those officials who attain their position through
election campaigns, rather than all members of the
state bureaucracy. Such a distinction is less clear
in non-democratic forms of government. In a state,
individual politicians compose the executive branch
of government and the office of Head of State (unless
the head of state is a non-political figure, such
as a king) as well as the legislative branch, and
regional and local levels of government. Other organs
of government such as the judicial branch, law enforcement,
and the military are not usually regarded as being
composed of politicians, despite the fact that the
men and women involved do government work. |
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